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In 1983, Microsoft announced the development of Windows, a graphical user interface (GUI) for its own operating system (MS-DOS). The product line has changed from a GUI product to a modern operating system over two families of design, each with its own codebase and default file system. The 3.x and 4.x family includes Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1x, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows ME. Windows for Workgroups 3.11 added 32-bit networking. Windows 95 added additional 32-bit capabilities (however, MS-DOS, some of the kernel, and supplementary utilities such as Disk Defragment remained 16-bit) and implemented a new object oriented user interface, elements of which are still used today. The Windows NT family started with Windows NT 3.1 in 1993. Modern Windows operating system versions are based on the newer Windows NT kernel that was originally intended for OS/2. Windows runs on IA-32, x86-64, and on 32-bit ARM (ARMv7) processors.〔(Microsoft Announces Support of System on a Chip Architectures From Intel, AMD, and ARM for Next Version of Windows: 5 January 2011 )〕 Earlier versions also ran on the i860, Alpha, MIPS, Fairchild Clipper, PowerPC, and Itanium architectures. Some work was done to port it to the SPARC architecture. The familiar Windows Explorer desktop shell superseded Program Manager with the release of Windows 95, received major enhancements in 1997, and remained the default shell for all commercial Windows releases until Windows 8's Modern UI-derived Start screen debuted in 2012. ==Windows 1.0x== (詳細はRowland Hanson, the head of marketing at Microsoft, convinced the company that the name ''Windows'' would be more appealing to customers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first1=Rowland )〕 Windows 1.0 was not a complete operating system, but rather an "operating environment" that extended MS-DOS, and shared the latter's inherent flaws and problems. The first version of Microsoft Windows included a simple graphics painting program called Windows Paint; Windows Write, a simple word processor; an appointment calendar; a card-filer; a notepad; a clock; a control panel; a computer terminal; Clipboard; and RAM driver. It also included the MS-DOS Executive and a game called Reversi. Microsoft had worked with Apple Computer to develop applications for Apple's new Macintosh computer, which featured a graphical user interface. As part of the related business negotiations, Microsoft had licensed certain aspects of the Macintosh user interface from Apple; in later litigation, a district court summarized these aspects as "screen displays". In the development of Windows 1.0, Microsoft intentionally limited its borrowing of certain GUI elements from the Macintosh user interface, to comply with its license. For example, windows were only displayed "tiled" on the screen; that is, they could not overlap or overlie one another. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Microsoft Windows」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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